Climatic factors can directly affect economic outcomes such as output investment and productivity and understanding the economic consequences of climate change is rapidly becoming a necessity not just for climate economists but also for a wider range of economic professionals involved in modelling and forecasting macroeconomic variables the focus of this review is on the key theoretical and . The physical changes described in the introduction will have substantial effects on the us economy climate change will affect agricultural productivity mortality crime energy use storm . Effects of climate policy on the economy a theoretical perspective empirical results of the macroeconomic impacts structural adjustments theoretical approaches and the state of the art in accounting for technological change technological change and energy consumption in energy intensive industry barriers to the diffusion of energy efficiency in the german commercial and services . The economics of climate change policies macroeconomic effects structural adjustments and technological change sustainability and innovation rainer walz joachim schleich on amazoncom free shipping on qualifying offers in its latest assessment report the intergovernmental panel on climate change ipcc 2007 projects that without further action the global average surface t . Long term macroeconomic e ects of climate change a cross country analysis matthew e kahna kamiar mohaddesby ryan n c ngb m hashem pesaranc mehdi raissid and jui chung yange a johns hopkins university usa b cambridge judge business school and girton college university of cambridge uk c department of economics university of southern california usa and trinity college cambridge